# 4. Ma'lumot turlari turlari

## Ma'lumot turlari

Operatsion tizim xotirani ajratadi va saqlanadigan xotirada saqlanadigan narsalarni o'zgaruvchining ma'lumotlar turiga qarab tanlaydi. Ma'lumotlar turi identifikatordan to'g'ri foydalanishni, qanday ma'lumotlarni saqlashni va qaysi turdagi operatsiyalarni bajarishni belgilaydi.

{% hint style="info" %}
C ++ ni o'zida ichki o'rnatilgan bir qator turlari mavjud.
{% endhint %}

## Ibtidoiy o'rnatilgan turlari (Primitive Built-in Types)

C ++ dasturchiga o'rnatilgan va foydalanuvchi tomonidan aniqlangan ma'lumotlar turlarining boy assortimentini taklif etadi. Quyidagi jadvalda C ++ ma'lumotlarining yettita asosiy turlari keltirilgan:

| T**ur (Type)**            | **Kalit so'z (Keyword)** |
| ------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| **Boolean**               | **bool**                 |
| **Character**             | **char**                 |
| **Integer**               | **int**                  |
| **Floating point**        | **float**                |
| **Double floating point** | **double**               |
| **Valueless**             | **void**                 |
| **Wide character**        | **wchar\_t**             |

Ushbu turdagi modifikatorlardan biri yoki bir nechtasi yordamida bir nechta asosiy turlarni o'zgartirish mumkin:

* imzolangan (**signed**)
* imzosiz (**unsigned**)
* qisqa (**short**)
* uzun (**long**)

Quyidagi jadval o'zgaruvchilar turini, qiymatni xotirada saqlash uchun qancha xotira kerakligini va bunday turdagi o'zgaruvchilarda saqlanishi mumkin bo'lgan maksimal va minimal qiymatlarni ko'rsatadi.

| Turi                   | Bit kengligi | Diapazon                        |
| ---------------------- | ------------ | ------------------------------- |
| **char**               | **1 byte**   | **-127 to 127 or 0 to 255**     |
| unsigned char          | 1 byte       | 0 to 255                        |
| signed char            | 1 byte       | -127 to 127                     |
| **int**                | **4 bytes**  | **-2147483648 to 2147483647**   |
| unsigned int           | 4 bytes      | 0 to 4294967295                 |
| signed int             | 4 bytes      | -2147483648 to 2147483647       |
| short int              | 2 bytes      | -32768 to 32767                 |
| unsigned short int     | 2 bytes      | 0 to 65,535                     |
| signed short int       | 2 bytes      | -32768 to 32767                 |
| long int               | 8 bytes      | -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 |
| signed long int        | 8 bytes      | same as long int                |
| unsigned long int      | 8 bytes      | 0 to 4,294,967,295              |
| long long int          | 8 bytes      | -(2^63) to (2^63)-1             |
| unsigned long long int | 8 bytes      | 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 |
| **float**              | 4 bytes      |                                 |
| **double**             | 8 bytes      |                                 |
| long double            | 12 bytes     |                                 |
| wchar\_t               | 2 or 4 bytes | 1 wide character                |

Quyida sizning kompyuteringizda turli xil ma'lumotlar turlarining to'g'ri hajmini yaratadigan misol keltirilgan.

```cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
   cout << "Size of char : " << sizeof(char) << endl;
   cout << "Size of int : " << sizeof(int) << endl;
   cout << "Size of short int : " << sizeof(short int) << endl;
   cout << "Size of long int : " << sizeof(long int) << endl;
   cout << "Size of float : " << sizeof(float) << endl;
   cout << "Size of double : " << sizeof(double) << endl;
   cout << "Size of wchar_t : " << sizeof(wchar_t) << endl;
   
   return 0;
}
```

Natija:

```cpp
Size of char : 1
Size of int : 4
Size of short int : 2
Size of long int : 4
Size of float : 4
Size of double : 8
Size of wchar_t : 4
```


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