4. Ma'lumot turlari turlari

O'zgaruvchilar va ularning turlari (Variables and Types)

Ma'lumot turlari

Operatsion tizim xotirani ajratadi va saqlanadigan xotirada saqlanadigan narsalarni o'zgaruvchining ma'lumotlar turiga qarab tanlaydi. Ma'lumotlar turi identifikatordan to'g'ri foydalanishni, qanday ma'lumotlarni saqlashni va qaysi turdagi operatsiyalarni bajarishni belgilaydi.

C ++ ni o'zida ichki o'rnatilgan bir qator turlari mavjud.

Ibtidoiy o'rnatilgan turlari (Primitive Built-in Types)

C ++ dasturchiga o'rnatilgan va foydalanuvchi tomonidan aniqlangan ma'lumotlar turlarining boy assortimentini taklif etadi. Quyidagi jadvalda C ++ ma'lumotlarining yettita asosiy turlari keltirilgan:

Tur (Type)	Kalit so'z (Keyword)
Boolean	bool
Character	char
Integer	int
Floating point	float
Double floating point	double
Valueless	void
Wide character	wchar_t

Ushbu turdagi modifikatorlardan biri yoki bir nechtasi yordamida bir nechta asosiy turlarni o'zgartirish mumkin:

• imzolangan (signed)

• imzosiz (unsigned)

• qisqa (short)

• uzun (long)

Quyidagi jadval o'zgaruvchilar turini, qiymatni xotirada saqlash uchun qancha xotira kerakligini va bunday turdagi o'zgaruvchilarda saqlanishi mumkin bo'lgan maksimal va minimal qiymatlarni ko'rsatadi.

Turi	Bit kengligi	Diapazon
char	1 byte	-127 to 127 or 0 to 255
unsigned char	1 byte	0 to 255
signed char	1 byte	-127 to 127
int	4 bytes	-2147483648 to 2147483647
unsigned int	4 bytes	0 to 4294967295
signed int	4 bytes	-2147483648 to 2147483647
short int	2 bytes	-32768 to 32767
unsigned short int	2 bytes	0 to 65,535
signed short int	2 bytes	-32768 to 32767
long int	8 bytes	-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
signed long int	8 bytes	same as long int
unsigned long int	8 bytes	0 to 4,294,967,295
long long int	8 bytes	-(2^63) to (2^63)-1
unsigned long long int	8 bytes	0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615
float	4 bytes
double	8 bytes
long double	12 bytes
wchar_t	2 or 4 bytes	1 wide character

Quyida sizning kompyuteringizda turli xil ma'lumotlar turlarining to'g'ri hajmini yaratadigan misol keltirilgan.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
   cout << "Size of char : " << sizeof(char) << endl;
   cout << "Size of int : " << sizeof(int) << endl;
   cout << "Size of short int : " << sizeof(short int) << endl;
   cout << "Size of long int : " << sizeof(long int) << endl;
   cout << "Size of float : " << sizeof(float) << endl;
   cout << "Size of double : " << sizeof(double) << endl;
   cout << "Size of wchar_t : " << sizeof(wchar_t) << endl;
   
   return 0;
}

Natija:

Size of char : 1
Size of int : 4
Size of short int : 2
Size of long int : 4
Size of float : 4
Size of double : 8
Size of wchar_t : 4